Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3621

Job	Run time
examples_clang-format	8s
copyright_check	7s
codespell	15s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx11_relwithdebinfo	1m 4s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 41s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	21m 28s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	3m 44s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	17m 44s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	4m 35s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	2m 38s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	14m 22s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	17m 8s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	39s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	7m 55s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	14m 48s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	8m 54s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	14m 48s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	8m 1s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	21m 22s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	15m 14s
documentation	46s
pages	0s
	2h 59m 21s

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