SNOW-1825473 adding pat authentication integration

[sfc-gh-mkeller]

Please answer these questions before submitting your pull requests. Thanks!

1. What GitHub issue is this PR addressing? Make sure that there is an accompanying issue to your PR.

   Fixes SNOW-1825473

2. Fill out the following pre-review checklist:

   • I am adding a new automated test(s) to verify correctness of my new code
   • I am adding new logging messages
   • I am adding a new telemetry message
   • I am modifying authorization mechanisms
   • I am adding new credentials
   • I am modifying OCSP code
   • I am adding a new dependency

3. Please describe how your code solves the related issue.

   In this PR I introduce support for the new PAT authentication method. We don't have automated tests for all the different authentication methods, so the code was tested manually.

4. (Optional) PR for stored-proc connector:

[sfc-gh-igarish]

Why added None here?

[sfc-gh-mkeller]

The type-hint was incorrect. It doesn't actually affect correctness, but you can see a few lines below that the function reset_secrets sets what this returns to None

[sfc-gh-igarish]

How user will provide authentication name in connection parameter? like "PROGRAMMATIC_ACCESS_TOKEN"? If yes, then can we use "PAT" instead of long name?

[sfc-gh-mkeller]

Here's the exact shell command I was using to test the feature: python -c 'from snowflake.connector import connect; c=connect(account="account", user="user", authenticator="PROGRAMMATIC_ACCESS_TOKEN", token_file_path="/Users/mkeller/pat"); print(c.cursor().execute("select 1, 2").fetchall())'

I haven't introduced the short form simply because we don't offer short-hands for any of the other authentications. I'm happy to introduce it if you think we should start now though!

[sfc-gh-igarish]

LGTM