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Slight language improvements
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jonfroehlich committed Apr 15, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ For our first learning activity, we are going to use Arduino to turn on an [LED]

## Materials

For this lesson, you will need the following materials. Please build with us to advance your understanding and skillset—the best way to learn is by **doing!**. For those students enrolled in our courses, please document your creation journeys in your prototyping journals and attempt to answer and reflect on posed questions.
For this lesson, you will need the following materials. Please build with us to advance your understanding and skillset—the best way to learn is by **doing!** For those students enrolled in our courses, please document your creation journeys in your prototyping journals and attempt to answer and reflect on posed questions.

| Arduino | LED | Resistor |
|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -84,15 +84,21 @@ Just as we did in our [LED lesson](../electronics/leds.md), let's analyze how mu
![](assets/images/LEDOn5V_HowMuchCurrentThroughCircuit_Step0.png)

{: .note }
> While it's not totally necessary to understand **circuit basics** to work with Arduino—indeed, you can get pretty far just following online tutorials—we think it's pretty important. As my colleague [Professor Andy Davidson](https://www.hcde.washington.edu/davidson) likes to say: there is a difference between a chef who understands how ingredients go together and creates their own dishes and a novice baker who simply follows recipes. We want to develop you more into the former! Let us all become chefs! 👩🏽‍🍳👨🏽‍🍳
> While it's not totally necessary to understand **circuit basics** to work with Arduino—indeed, you can get pretty far just by following online tutorials—we think it's pretty important. As my colleague [Professor Andy Davidson](https://www.hcde.washington.edu/davidson) likes to say: there is a difference between a chef who understands how ingredients go together and creates their own dishes vs. a novice baker who simply follows recipes. We all start like the latter but we want to develop you more into the former! Let us all become chefs! 👩🏽‍🍳👨🏽‍🍳
>
> So, while you could skip this section and go on to [Maximum current draw](#maximum-current-draw) below, we recommend that you instead invest in this circuit analysis and do your best to understand it. If you're confused, try going through our [Intro to Electronics series](../electronics/), particularly [Ohm's Law](../electronics/ohms-law.md) and [LEDs](../electronics/leds.md).
#### Step 1: Identify nodes and what we know

We always start by **identifying nodes** and **what we know**. We know that as long as the forward voltage ($$V_f$$) of the red LED is satisfied, then there will be both a voltage drop $$V_R$$ across our resistor and a voltage drop $$V_D$$ across our LED.
When analyzing a circuit, we always start by **identifying nodes** and **what we know**. We know that:

Due to Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws, we know that the total voltage drop across both the resistor and LED ($$V_R + V_D$$) must equal our supply voltage $$V_S=5V$$. From our [LED lesson](../electronics/leds.md), we know that our circuit is off until the "on" or "forward" voltage of our LED is met, which for a red LED is ~2V. Thus, we can set $$V_D=2V$$ and solve for $$V_R$$.
* As long as the forward voltage ($$V_f$$) of the red LED is satisfied, then there will be both a voltage drop $$V_R$$ across our resistor and a voltage drop $$V_D$$ across our LED.

* Due to Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws, we know that the total voltage drop across both the resistor and LED ($$V_R + V_D$$) must equal our supply voltage $$V_S=5V$$.

* Finally, from our [LED lesson](../electronics/leds.md), we know that our circuit is off until the "on" or "forward" voltage of our LED is met, which for a red LED is ~2V.

From the above, we can set $$V_D=2V$$ and solve for $$V_R$$.

![](assets/images/LEDOn5V_HowMuchCurrentThroughCircuit_Step1.png)

Expand All @@ -111,7 +117,7 @@ Thus, the voltage drop across the resistor is $$V_R=3V$$. Let's take a look pict

#### Step 3: Solve for current

We now know the resistance in our circuit ($$V_R=3V$$), so we can solve for current.
We now know the voltage drop over the resistor in our circuit ($$V_R=3V$$), so we can solve for current.

From Ohm's Law, we know that the total current in our circuit is equal to the voltage drop across our resistor $$V_R$$ divided by the resistance value $$R$$. That is, $$I = \frac{V_R}{R}$$. And we know that $$V_R=3V$$ and $$R=220Ω$$. Thus, the current through our circuit is:

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