[Clang] Don't form a type constraint if the concept is invalid (#122065)

After 0dedd6f and 03229e7, invalid concept declarations might lack
expressions for evaluation and normalization. This could make it crash
in certain scenarios, apart from the one of evaluation concepts showed
in 03229e7, there's also an issue when checking specializations where
the normalization also relies on a non-null expression.

This patch prevents that by avoiding building up a type constraint in
such situations, thereafter the template parameter wouldn't have a
concept specialization of a null expression.

With this patch, the assumption in ASTWriterDecl is no longer valid.
Namely, HasConstraint and TypeConstraintInitialized must now represent
different meanings for both source fidelity and semantic requirements.

Fixes #115004
Fixes #121980

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp

@@ -4557,6 +4557,9 @@ Sema::CheckConceptTemplateId(const CXXScopeSpec &SS,
                              const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
   assert(NamedConcept && "A concept template id without a template?");
 
+  if (NamedConcept->isInvalidDecl())
+    return ExprError();
+
   llvm::SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> SugaredConverted, CanonicalConverted;
   if (CheckTemplateArgumentList(
           NamedConcept, ConceptNameInfo.getLoc(),

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTReaderDecl.cpp

@@ -2663,7 +2663,8 @@ void ASTDeclReader::VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(TemplateTypeParmDecl *D) {
 
   D->setDeclaredWithTypename(Record.readInt());
 
-  if (D->hasTypeConstraint()) {
+  bool TypeConstraintInitialized = D->hasTypeConstraint() && Record.readBool();
+  if (TypeConstraintInitialized) {
     ConceptReference *CR = nullptr;
     if (Record.readBool())
       CR = Record.readConceptReference();

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTWriterDecl.cpp

@@ -1951,7 +1951,8 @@ void ASTDeclWriter::VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(TemplateTypeParmDecl *D) {
   Record.push_back(D->wasDeclaredWithTypename());
 
   const TypeConstraint *TC = D->getTypeConstraint();
-  assert((bool)TC == D->hasTypeConstraint());
+  if (D->hasTypeConstraint())
+    Record.push_back(/*TypeConstraintInitialized=*/TC != nullptr);
   if (TC) {
     auto *CR = TC->getConceptReference();
     Record.push_back(CR != nullptr);
@@ -1969,7 +1970,7 @@ void ASTDeclWriter::VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(TemplateTypeParmDecl *D) {
   if (OwnsDefaultArg)
     Record.AddTemplateArgumentLoc(D->getDefaultArgument());
 
-  if (!TC && !OwnsDefaultArg &&
+  if (!D->hasTypeConstraint() && !OwnsDefaultArg &&
       D->getDeclContext() == D->getLexicalDeclContext() &&
       !D->isInvalidDecl() && !D->hasAttrs() &&
       !D->isTopLevelDeclInObjCContainer() && !D->isImplicit() &&

clang/test/SemaTemplate/concepts.cpp

@@ -1165,3 +1165,15 @@ concept C = invalid; // expected-error {{use of undeclared identifier 'invalid'}
 bool val2 = C<int>;
 
 } // namespace GH109780
+
+namespace GH121980 {
+
+template <class>
+concept has_member_difference_type; // expected-error {{expected '='}}
+
+template <has_member_difference_type> struct incrementable_traits; // expected-note {{declared here}}
+
+template <has_member_difference_type Tp>
+struct incrementable_traits<Tp>; // expected-error {{not more specialized than the primary}}
+
+}