sqlDataTypesFormatted

String Data Types

CHAR(size)
A FIXED length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The size parameter specifies the column length in characters - can be from 0 to 255. Default is 1

VARCHAR(size)
A VARIABLE length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The size parameter specifies the maximum column length in characters - can be from 0 to 65535

BINARY(size)
Equal to CHAR(), but stores binary byte strings. The size parameter specifies the column length in bytes. Default is 1

VARBINARY(size)
Equal to VARCHAR(), but stores binary byte strings. The size parameter specifies the maximum column length in bytes.

TINYBLOB
For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Max length: 255 bytes

TINYTEXT
Holds a string with a maximum length of 255 characters

TEXT(size)
Holds a string with a maximum length of 65,535 bytes

BLOB(size)
For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Holds up to 65,535 bytes of data

MEDIUMTEXT
Holds a string with a maximum length of 16,777,215 characters

MEDIUMBLOB
For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Holds up to 16,777,215 bytes of data

LONGTEXT
Holds a string with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 characters

LONGBLOB
For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Holds up to 4,294,967,295 bytes of data

ENUM(val1, val2, val3, ...)
A string object that can have only one value, chosen from a list of possible values. You can list up to 65535 values in an ENUM list. If a value is inserted that is not in the list, a blank value will be inserted. The values are sorted in the order you enter them

SET(val1, val2, val3, ...)
A string object that can have 0 or more values, chosen from a list of possible values. You can list up to 64 values in a SET list


Numeric Data Types

BIT(size)
A bit-value type. The number of bits per value is specified in size. The size parameter can hold a value from 1 to 64. The default value for size is 1.

TINYINT(size)
A very small integer. Signed range is from -128 to 127. Unsigned range is from 0 to 255. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

BOOL
Zero is considered as false, nonzero values are considered as true.

BOOLEAN
Equal to BOOL

SMALLINT(size)
A small integer. Signed range is from -32768 to 32767. Unsigned range is from 0 to 65535. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

MEDIUMINT(size)
A medium integer. Signed range is from -8388608 to 8388607. Unsigned range is from 0 to 16777215. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

INT(size)
A medium integer. Signed range is from -2147483648 to 2147483647. Unsigned range is from 0 to 4294967295. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

INTEGER(size)
Equal to INT(size)

BIGINT(size)
A large integer. Signed range is from -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807. Unsigned range is from 0 to 18446744073709551615. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

FLOAT(size, d)
A floating point number. The total number of digits is specified in size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter. This syntax is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.17, and it will be removed in future MySQL versions

FLOAT(p)
A floating point number. MySQL uses the p value to determine whether to use FLOAT or DOUBLE for the resulting data type. If p is from 0 to 24, the data type becomes FLOAT(). If p is from 25 to 53, the data type becomes DOUBLE()

DOUBLE(size, d)
A normal-size floating point number. The total number of digits is specified in size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter
DOUBLE PRECISION(size, d)
 
DECIMAL(size, d)
An exact fixed-point number. The total number of digits is specified in size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter. The maximum number for size is 65. The maximum number for d is 30. The default value for size is 10. The default value for d is 0.

DEC(size, d)
Equal to DECIMAL(size,d)

Note: All the numeric data types may have an extra option: UNSIGNED or ZEROFILL. If you add the UNSIGNED option, MySQL disallows negative values for the column. If you add the ZEROFILL option, MySQL automatically also adds the UNSIGNED attribute to the column.

Date and Time Data Types
A date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD. The supported range is from '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'

DATETIME(fsp)
A date and time combination. Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '1000-01-01 00:00:00' to '9999-12-31 23:59:59'. Adding DEFAULT and ON UPDATE in the column definition to get automatic initialization and updating to the current date and time

TIMESTAMP(fsp)
A timestamp. TIMESTAMP values are stored as the number of seconds since the Unix epoch ('1970-01-01 00:00:00' UTC). Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '1970-01-01 00:00:01' UTC to '2038-01-09 03:14:07' UTC. Automatic initialization and updating to the current date and time can be specified using DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the column definition

TIME(fsp)
A time. Format: hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'

YEAR
A year in four-digit format. Values allowed in four-digit format: 1901 to 2155, and 0000.
MySQL 8.0 does not support year in two-digit format.


SQL Server Data Types

char(n)
Fixed width character string
8,000 characters
Defined width

varchar(n)
Variable width character string
8,000 characters
2 bytes + number of chars

varchar(max)
Variable width character string
1,073,741,824 characters
2 bytes + number of chars

text
Variable width character string
2GB of text data
4 bytes + number of chars

nchar
Fixed width Unicode string
4,000 characters
Defined width x 2

nvarchar
Variable width Unicode string
4,000 characters
 
nvarchar(max)
Variable width Unicode string
536,870,912 characters
 
ntext
Variable width Unicode string
2GB of text data
 
binary(n)
Fixed width binary string
8,000 bytes
 
varbinary
Variable width binary string
8,000 bytes
 
varbinary(max)
Variable width binary string
2GB
 
image
Variable width binary string
2GB
 
Numeric Data Types

bit
Integer that can be 0, 1, or NULL
 
tinyint
Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255
1 byte

smallint
Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 32,767
2 bytes

int
Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647
4 bytes

bigint
Allows whole numbers between -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
8 bytes

decimal(p,s)
Fixed precision and scale numbers.

Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that can be stored (both to the left and to the right of the decimal point). p must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates the maximum number of digits stored to the right of the decimal point. s must be a value from 0 to p. Default value is 0
	5-17 bytes
numeric(p,s)
Fixed precision and scale numbers.

Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates the maximum total number of digits that can be stored (both to the left and to the right of the decimal point). p must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates the maximum number of digits stored to the right of the decimal point. s must be a value from 0 to p. Default value is 0
	5-17 bytes

smallmoney
Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 214,748.3647
4 bytes

money
Monetary data from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807
8 bytes

float(n)
Floating precision number data from -1.79E + 308 to 1.79E + 308.

The n parameter indicates whether the field should hold 4 or 8 bytes. float(24) holds a 4-byte field and float(53) holds an 8-byte field. Default value of n is 53.
	4 or 8 bytes

real
Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 to 3.40E + 38
4 bytes

Date and Time Data Types

datetime
From January 1, 1753 to December 31, 9999 with an accuracy of 3.33 milliseconds
8 bytes

datetime2
From January 1, 0001 to December 31, 9999 with an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds
6-8 bytes

smalldatetime
From January 1, 1900 to June 6, 2079 with an accuracy of 1 minute
4 bytes

date
Store a date only. From January 1, 0001 to December 31, 9999
3 bytes

time
Store a time only to an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds
3-5 bytes

datetimeoffset
The same as datetime2 with the addition of a time zone offset
8-10 bytes

timestamp
Stores a unique number that gets updated every time a row gets created or modified. The timestamp value is based upon an internal clock and does not correspond to real time. Each table may have only one timestamp variable
 
Other Data Types

sql_variant
Stores up to 8,000 bytes of data of various data types, except text, ntext, and timestamp

uniqueidentifier
Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)

xml
Stores XML formatted data. Maximum 2GB

cursor
Stores a reference to a cursor used for database operations

table
Stores a result-set for later processing