diff --git a/jax/_src/compiler.py b/jax/_src/compiler.py
index e0882fece29d..df545cb72072 100644
--- a/jax/_src/compiler.py
+++ b/jax/_src/compiler.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 from jax._src import traceback_util
 from jax._src.interpreters import mlir
 from jax._src.lib import xla_client as xc
+from jax._src.lib import xla_extension_version
 from jax._src.lib.mlir import ir
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -190,6 +191,13 @@ def get_compile_options(
 
   build_options.exec_time_optimization_effort = config.exec_time_optimization_effort.value
   build_options.memory_fitting_effort = config.memory_fitting_effort.value
+  if xla_extension_version >= 316:
+    build_options.optimization_level = config.EffortLevel(
+        config.optimization_level.value
+    ).value
+    build_options.memory_fitting_level = config.EffortLevel(
+        config.memory_fitting_level.value
+    ).value
 
   # This is a temporary workaround to simplify the AutoPGLE usage.
   # TODO(b/376647494): Remove once the bug is fixed.
@@ -203,7 +211,12 @@ def get_compile_options(
   if env_options_overrides is not None:
     # Some overrides are passed directly on build_options.
     overrides_on_build_options = [
-        'exec_time_optimization_effort', 'memory_fitting_effort']
+        "exec_time_optimization_effort", "memory_fitting_effort"]
+    if xla_extension_version >= 316:
+      overrides_on_build_options.extend(
+          ["optimization_level", "memory_fitting_level"]
+      )
+
     env_options_overrides = dict(env_options_overrides)
     for name in overrides_on_build_options:
       if name in env_options_overrides:
diff --git a/jax/_src/config.py b/jax/_src/config.py
index 7a9d84d23a17..73ec4c81556c 100644
--- a/jax/_src/config.py
+++ b/jax/_src/config.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Sequence
 import contextlib
+import enum
 import functools
 import itertools
 import logging
@@ -35,6 +36,29 @@
 _T = TypeVar('_T')
 
 
+class EffortLevel(enum.Enum):
+  """Effort level enum, mirroring the XLA effort options."""
+
+  UNKNOWN = 0
+  O0 = 9
+  O1 = 19
+  O2 = 29
+  O3 = 39
+
+  @classmethod
+  def _missing_(cls, value: object) -> EffortLevel | None:
+    return _effort_from_string.get(value)
+
+
+_effort_from_string: dict[Any, EffortLevel] = {
+    'UNKNOWN': EffortLevel.UNKNOWN,
+    'O0': EffortLevel.O0,
+    'O1': EffortLevel.O1,
+    'O2': EffortLevel.O2,
+    'O3': EffortLevel.O3,
+}
+
+
 def bool_env(varname: str, default: bool) -> bool:
   """Read an environment variable and interpret it as a boolean.
 
@@ -1727,6 +1751,37 @@ def _update_garbage_collection_guard(state, key, val):
     help='Effort for minimizing memory usage (higher means more effort), valid range [-1.0, 1.0].'
 )
 
+optimization_level = enum_state(
+    name='jax_optimization_level',
+    enum_values=[
+        'UNKNOWN',
+        'O0',
+        'O1',
+        'O2',
+        'O3',
+    ],
+    default='UNKNOWN',
+    help='The degree to which the compiler should optimize for execution time',
+    include_in_jit_key=True
+)
+
+memory_fitting_level = enum_state(
+    name='jax_memory_fitting_level',
+    enum_values=[
+        'UNKNOWN',
+        'O0',
+        'O1',
+        'O2',
+        'O3',
+    ],
+    default='UNKNOWN',
+    help=(
+        'The degree to which the compiler should attempt to make the program'
+        ' fit in memory'
+    ),
+    include_in_jit_key=True
+)
+
 cpu_collectives_implementation = optional_enum_state(
     name='jax_cpu_collectives_implementation',
     enum_values=["gloo", "mpi", "megascale"],
diff --git a/tests/api_test.py b/tests/api_test.py
index 1687713ec441..536fbf372911 100644
--- a/tests/api_test.py
+++ b/tests/api_test.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 from jax._src.interpreters import partial_eval as pe
 from jax._src.compilation_cache import is_persistent_cache_enabled
 from jax._src.lib import xla_extension
+from jax._src.lib import xla_extension_version
 import jax._src.util as jax_util
 from jax.ad_checkpoint import checkpoint_name, checkpoint as new_checkpoint
 import jax.custom_batching
@@ -1366,6 +1367,36 @@ def f(x):
               "exec_time_compilation_effort": 0.0,
           })(1.0)
 
+  def test_optimization_level_compiler_option(self):
+    def f(x):
+      return jnp.sqrt(x**2) + 1.0
+
+    if xla_extension_version < 316:
+      self.skipTest("Requires XLA extension version >= 316")
+    f_jit = jit(
+        f,
+        compiler_options={
+            "optimization_level": config.EffortLevel.O1.value,
+        },
+    )(
+        1.0
+    )  # doesn't crash.
+
+  def test_memory_fitting_level_compiler_option(self):
+    def f(x):
+      return jnp.sqrt(x**2) + 1.0
+
+    if xla_extension_version < 316:
+      self.skipTest("Requires XLA extension version >= 316")
+    f_jit = jit(
+        f,
+        compiler_options={
+            "memory_fitting_level": config.EffortLevel.O0.value,
+        },
+    )(
+        1.0
+    )  # doesn't crash.
+
   def test_jit_lower_compile_with_compiler_options_invalid(self):
     def f(x):
       return jnp.sqrt(x ** 2) + 1.