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XTerm Control Sequences
Edward Moy
University of California, Berkeley
Revised by
Stephen Gildea
X Consortium (1994)
Thomas Dickey
XFree86 Project (1996-2006)
invisible-island.net (2006-2024)
updated for XTerm Patch #397 (2024/12/08)
Definitions
Many controls use parameters, shown in italics. If a control uses a
single parameter, only one parameter name is listed. Some parameters
(along with separating ; characters) may be optional. Other characters
in the control are required.
C A single (required) character.
Ps A single (usually optional) numeric parameter, composed of one or
more digits.
Pm Any number of single numeric parameters, separated by ;
character(s). Individual values for the parameters are listed with
Ps .
Pt A text parameter composed of printable characters.
Control Bytes, Characters, and Sequences
ECMA-48 (aka "ISO 6429") documents C1 (8-bit) and C0 (7-bit) codes.
Those are respectively codes 128 to 159 and 0 to 31. ECMA-48 avoids
referring to these codes as characters, because that term is associated
with graphic characters. Instead, it uses "bytes" and "codes", with
occasional lapses to "characters" where the meaning cannot be mistaken.
Controls (including the escape code 27) are processed once:
o This means that a C1 control can be mistaken for badly-formed UTF-8
when the terminal runs in UTF-8 mode because C1 controls are valid
continuation bytes of a UTF-8 encoded (multibyte) value.
o It is not possible to use a C1 control obtained from decoding the
UTF-8 text, because that would require reprocessing the data.
Consequently there is no ambiguity in the way this document uses the
term "character" to refer to bytes in a control sequence.
The order of processing is a necessary consequence of the way ECMA-48 is
designed:
o Each byte sent to the terminal can be unambiguously determined to
fall into one of a few categories (C0, C1 and graphic characters).
o ECMA-48 is modal; once it starts processing a control sequence, the
terminal continues until the sequence is complete, or some byte is
found which is not allowed in the sequence.
o Intermediate, parameter and final bytes may use the same codes as
graphic characters, but they are processed as part of a control
sequence and are not actually graphic characters.
o Eight-bit controls can have intermediate, etc., bytes in the range
160 to 255. Those can be treated as their counterparts in the range
32 to 127.
o Single-byte controls can be handled separately from multi-byte
control sequences because ECMA-48's rules are unambiguous.
As a special case, ECMA-48 (section 9) mentions that the control
functions shift-in and shift-out are allowed to occur within a 7-bit
multibyte control sequence because those cannot alter the meaning of
the control sequence.
o Some controls (such as OSC ) introduce a string mode, which is ended
on a ST (string terminator).
Section 9 of ECMA-48, like DEC STD 070, chapter 3, goes into detail
to explain that when processing 8-bit controls, the eighth bit of
each byte is ignored. This applies to the content of APC, DCS, OSC,
and PM strings, as well as to the terminating bytes such as the two-
byte string terminator. Quoting from the latter, 3.5.4.5 GR Graphic
Characters within Control Strings:
GR (8-bit) graphic characters in APC, OSC, and PM control
strings will be treated as their 7-bit equivalent (the eighth
bit will be ignored).
GR (8-bit) graphic characters are permitted within Device
Control Strings, and the graphic character's interpretation will
be dependent on the internal control string format. When they
occur in the introducer sequence to a Device Control String, the
eighth bit will be ignored, and they will be treated as their
7-bit equivalent. (Note that this is the same way 8-bit graphic
characters are handled within control sequences.)
The reason for that is because ECMA-48 presents 7-bit controls as an
alternative to 8-bit controls. It says this:
The control functions defined in this Standard can be coded in a
7-bit code as well as in an 8-bit code; both forms of coded
representation are equivalent and in accordance with Standard
ECMA-35.
and in turn, ECMA-35 9.1 says
A 7-bit code shall have a structure which is based on a 7-bit
code table arranged in separate areas as follows (see figure 7):
In short, a standard-compliant implementation of ECMA-48 ignores the
eighth bit of bytes in control strings other than the C1 controls.
XTerm does this.
ECMA-48 describes only correct behavior, telling what types of
characters are expected at each stage of the control sequences. It
says that the action taken in error recovery is implementation-
dependent. XTerm decodes control sequences using a state machine.
It handles errors in decoding i.e., unexpected characters, by
resetting to the initial (ground) state. That is different from the
treatment of unimplemented (but correctly formatted) features.
If an application does not send the string terminator, that is also
an error from the standpoint of a user. To accommodate users of
those applications, xterm has resource settings which allow
workarounds:
o The Linux console's palette sequences do not use a string
terminator. The brokenLinuxOSC resource setting tells xterm to
ignore those particular sequences.
o The terminal should accept single-byte controls within the
string. But some applications omit a string terminator, like
the Linux console. The brokenStringTerm resource setting tells
xterm to exit string mode if it decodes a common control
character such as carriage return before the string terminator.
C1 (8-Bit) Control Characters
The xterm program recognizes both 8-bit and 7-bit control characters.
It generates 7-bit controls (by default) or 8-bit if S8C1T is enabled.
The following pairs of 7-bit and 8-bit control characters are
equivalent:
ESC D
Index (IND is 0x84).
ESC E
Next Line (NEL is 0x85).
ESC H
Tab Set (HTS is 0x88).
ESC M
Reverse Index (RI is 0x8d).
ESC N
Single Shift Select of G2 Character Set (SS2 is 0x8e), VT220.
This affects next character only.
ESC O
Single Shift Select of G3 Character Set (SS3 is 0x8f), VT220.
This affects next character only.
ESC P
Device Control String (DCS is 0x90).
ESC V
Start of Guarded Area (SPA is 0x96).
ESC W
End of Guarded Area (EPA is 0x97).
ESC X
Start of String (SOS is 0x98).
ESC Z
Return Terminal ID (DECID is 0x9a). Obsolete form of CSI c (DA).
ESC [
Control Sequence Introducer (CSI is 0x9b).
ESC \
String Terminator (ST is 0x9c).
ESC ]
Operating System Command (OSC is 0x9d).
ESC ^
Privacy Message (PM is 0x9e).
ESC _
Application Program Command (APC is 0x9f).
These control characters are used in the vtXXX emulation.
VT100-related terminals
In this document, "VT100" refers not only to VT100/VT102, but also to
the succession of upward-compatible terminals produced by DEC (Digital
Equipment Corporation) from the mid-1970s for about twenty years. For
brevity, the document refers to the related models:
"VT200" as VT220/VT240,
"VT300" as VT320/VT340,
"VT400" as VT420, and
"VT500" as VT510/VT520/VT525.
Most of these control sequences are standard VT102 control sequences,
but there is support for later DEC VT terminals (i.e., VT220, VT320,
VT420, VT510), as well as ECMA-48 and aixterm color controls. The only
VT102 feature not supported is auto-repeat, since the only way X
provides for this will affect all windows.
There are additional control sequences to provide xterm-dependent
functions, such as the scrollbar or window size. Where the function is
specified by DEC or ECMA-48, the mnemonic assigned to it is given in
parentheses.
The escape codes to designate and invoke character sets are specified by
ISO 2022 (see that document for a discussion of character sets).
Many of the features are optional; xterm can be configured and built
without support for them.
VT100 Mode
Single-character functions
BEL Bell (BEL is Ctrl-G).
BS Backspace (BS is Ctrl-H).
CR Carriage Return (CR is Ctrl-M).
ENQ Return Terminal Status (ENQ is Ctrl-E). Default response is
an empty string, but may be overridden by a resource
answerbackString.
FF Form Feed or New Page (NP ). (FF is Ctrl-L). FF is treated
the same as LF .
LF Line Feed or New Line (NL). (LF is Ctrl-J).
SI Switch to Standard Character Set (Ctrl-O is Shift In or LS0).
This invokes the G0 character set (the default) as GL.
VT200 and up implement LS0.
SO Switch to Alternate Character Set (Ctrl-N is Shift Out or
LS1). This invokes the G1 character set as GL.
VT200 and up implement LS1.
SP Space.
TAB Horizontal Tab (HTS is Ctrl-I).
VT Vertical Tab (VT is Ctrl-K). This is treated the same as LF.
Controls beginning with ESC
This excludes controls where ESC is part of a 7-bit equivalent to 8-bit
C1 controls, ordered by the final character(s).
ESC SP F 7-bit controls (S7C1T), VT220. This tells the terminal to
send C1 control characters as 7-bit sequences, e.g., its
responses to queries. DEC VT200 and up always accept 8-bit
control sequences except when configured for VT100 mode.
ESC SP G 8-bit controls (S8C1T), VT220. This tells the terminal to
send C1 control characters as 8-bit sequences, e.g., its
responses to queries. DEC VT200 and up always accept 8-bit
control sequences except when configured for VT100 mode.
ESC SP L Set ANSI conformance level 1, ECMA-43.
ESC SP M Set ANSI conformance level 2, ECMA-43.
ESC SP N Set ANSI conformance level 3, ECMA-43.
ESC # 3 DEC double-height line, top half (DECDHL), VT100.
ESC # 4 DEC double-height line, bottom half (DECDHL), VT100.
ESC # 5 DEC single-width line (DECSWL), VT100.
ESC # 6 DEC double-width line (DECDWL), VT100.
ESC # 8 DEC Screen Alignment Test (DECALN), VT100.
ESC % @ Select default character set. That is ISO 8859-1 (ISO 2022).
ESC % G Select UTF-8 character set, ISO 2022.
ESC ( C Designate G0 Character Set, VT100, ISO 2022.
Final character C for designating 94-character sets. In this
list,
o 0 , A and B were introduced in the VT100,
o most were introduced in the VT200 series,
o a few were introduced in the VT300 series, and
o a few more were introduced in the VT500 series.
The VT220 character sets, together with a few others (such as
Portuguese) are activated by the National Replacement
Character Set (NRCS) controls. The term "replacement" says
that the character set is formed by replacing some of the
characters in a set (termed the Multinational Character Set)
with more useful ones for a given language. The ASCII and DEC
Supplemental character sets make up the two halves of the
Multinational Character set, initially mapped to GL and GR.
The valid final characters C for this control are:
C = A -> United Kingdom (UK), VT100.
C = B -> United States (USASCII), VT100.
C = C or 5 -> Finnish, VT200.
C = H or 7 -> Swedish, VT200.
C = K -> German, VT200.
C = Q or 9 -> French Canadian, VT200.
C = R or f -> French, VT200.
C = Y -> Italian, VT200.
C = Z -> Spanish, VT200.
C = 4 -> Dutch, VT200.
C = " > -> Greek, VT500.
C = % 2 -> Turkish, VT500.
C = % 6 -> Portuguese, VT300.
C = % = -> Hebrew, VT500.
C = = -> Swiss, VT200.
C = ` , E or 6 -> Norwegian/Danish, VT200.
The final character A is a special case, since the same final
character is used by the VT300-control for the 96-character
British Latin-1.
There are a few other 94-character sets:
C = 0 -> DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set, VT100.
C = < -> DEC Supplemental, VT200.
C = < -> User Preferred Selection Set, VT300.
C = > -> DEC Technical, VT300.
These are documented as 94-character sets (like USASCII)
without NRCS:
C = " 4 -> DEC Hebrew, VT500.
C = " ? -> DEC Greek, VT500.
C = % 0 -> DEC Turkish, VT500.
C = % 5 -> DEC Supplemental Graphics, VT300.
C = & 4 -> DEC Cyrillic, VT500.
C = I -> JIS-Katakana, VT382.
C = J -> JIS-Roman, VT382.
The VT520 reference manual lists a few more, but no
documentation has been found for the mappings:
C = % 3 -> SCS NRCS, VT500.
C = & 5 -> DEC Russian, VT500.
ESC ) C Designate G1 Character Set, ISO 2022, VT100.
The same character sets apply as for ESC ( C.
ESC * C Designate G2 Character Set, ISO 2022, VT220.
The same character sets apply as for ESC ( C.
ESC + C Designate G3 Character Set, ISO 2022, VT220.
The same character sets apply as for ESC ( C.
ESC - C Designate G1 Character Set, VT300.
These controls apply only to 96-character sets. Unlike the
94-character sets, these can have different values than ASCII
space and DEL for the mapping of 0x20 and 0x7f. The valid
final characters C for this control are:
C = A -> ISO Latin-1 Supplemental, VT300.
C = B -> ISO Latin-2 Supplemental, VT500.
C = F -> ISO Greek Supplemental, VT500.
C = H -> ISO Hebrew Supplemental, VT500.
C = L -> ISO Latin-Cyrillic, VT500.
C = M -> ISO Latin-5 Supplemental, VT500.
ESC . C Designate G2 Character Set, VT300.
The same character sets apply as for ESC - C.
ESC / C Designate G3 Character Set, VT300.
The same character sets apply as for ESC - C.
ESC 6 Back Index (DECBI), VT420 and up.
ESC 7 Save Cursor (DECSC), VT100.
ESC 8 Restore Cursor (DECRC), VT100.
ESC 9 Forward Index (DECFI), VT420 and up.
ESC = Application Keypad (DECKPAM).
ESC > Normal Keypad (DECKPNM), VT100.
ESC F Cursor to lower left corner of screen. This is enabled by the
hpLowerleftBugCompat resource.
ESC c Full Reset (RIS), VT100.
ESC l Memory Lock (per HP terminals). Locks memory above the
cursor.
ESC m Memory Unlock (per HP terminals).
ESC n Invoke the G2 Character Set as GL (LS2).
ESC o Invoke the G3 Character Set as GL (LS3).
ESC | Invoke the G3 Character Set as GR (LS3R).
ESC } Invoke the G2 Character Set as GR (LS2R).
ESC ~ Invoke the G1 Character Set as GR (LS1R), VT100.
Application Program-Command functions
APC Pt ST None. xterm implements no APC functions; Pt is ignored. Pt
need not be printable characters.
Device-Control functions
DCS Ps ; Ps | Pt ST
User-Defined Keys (DECUDK), VT220 and up.
The first parameter:
Ps = 0 -> Clear all UDK definitions before starting
(default).
Ps = 1 -> Erase Below (default).
The second parameter:
Ps = 0 <- Lock the keys (default).
Ps = 1 <- Do not lock.
The third parameter is a ";"-separated list of strings
denoting the key-code separated by a "/" from the hex-encoded
key value. The key codes correspond to the DEC function-key
codes (e.g., F6=17).
DCS Ps ! u Pt ST
Assigning User-Preferred Supplemental Sets (DECAUPSS), VT320,
VT510. XTerm ignores this in UTF-8 mode, and uses the
preferLatin1 resource to choose the default setting.
VT320 provides these:
DCS 0 ! u % 5 ST -> DEC Supplemental Graphic
DCS 1 ! u A ST -> ISO Latin-1 supplemental
VT510 adds these:
DCS 0 ! u " ? ST -> DEC Greek
DCS 0 ! u " 4 ST -> DEC Hebrew
DCS 0 ! u % 0 ST -> DEC Turkish
DCS 0 ! u & 4 ST -> DEC Cyrillic
DCS 1 ! u B ST -> ISO Latin-2 Supplemental
DCS 1 ! u F ST -> ISO Greek Supplemental
DCS 1 ! u H ST -> ISO Hebrew Supplemental
DCS 1 ! u M ST -> ISO Latin-5 Supplemental
DCS 1 ! u L ST -> ISO Latin-Cyrillic
VT520 accepts a few others (undocumented); xterm adds these:
DCS 0 ! u B ST -> United States (USASCII).
DCS 0 ! u 0 ST -> DEC Special Character and Line Drawing
Set.
DCS 0 ! u > ST -> DEC Technical.
DCS $ q Pt ST
Request Status String (DECRQSS), VT420 and up.
The string following the "q" is one of the following:
m -> SGR
" p -> DECSCL
SP q -> DECSCUSR
" q -> DECSCA
r -> DECSTBM
s -> DECSLRM
t -> DECSLPP
$ | -> DECSCPP
$ } -> DECSASD
$ ~ -> DECSSDT
) { -> DECSTGLT (VT525 only)
* x -> DECSACE
* | -> DECSNLS
, | -> DECAC (VT525 only)
, } -> DECATC (VT525 only)
> Pm m -> XTQMODKEYS (xterm)
> Pm t -> XTSMTITLE (xterm)
xterm responds with DCS 1 $ r Pt ST for valid requests,
replacing the Pt with the corresponding CSI string, or DCS 0 $
r ST for invalid requests.
DCS Ps $ t Pt ST
Restore presentation status (DECRSPS), VT320 and up. The
control can be converted from a response from DECCIR or
DECTABSR by changing the first "u" to a "t"
Ps = 1 -> DECCIR
Ps = 2 -> DECTABSR
DCS + Q Pt ST
Request resource values (XTGETXRES), xterm. The string
following the "Q" is a list of names encoded in hexadecimal (2
digits per character) separated by ; which correspond to xterm
resource names.
xterm responds with
DCS 1 + R Pt ST for valid requests, adding to Pt an = , and
the value of the corresponding xterm resource, or
DCS 0 + R Pt ST for invalid requests.
The strings are encoded in hexadecimal (2 digits per
character).
Only boolean, numeric and string resources for the VT100
widget are supported by this query. XTerm evaluates resources
at startup time. Several of xterm's state variables use
resources to determine their initial value. Because the
resource variable may not reflect the current state, xterm
provides control sequences for querying the state directly:
o XTQALLOWED
o XTQMODKEYS
DCS + p Pt ST
Set Termcap/Terminfo Data (XTSETTCAP), xterm. The string
following the "p" is encoded in hexadecimal. After decoding
it, xterm will use the name to retrieve data from the terminal
database. If successful, that overrides the termName resource
when handling the "tcap" keyboard configuration's function-
and special-keys, as well as by the Request Termcap/Terminfo
String control.
DCS + q Pt ST
Request Termcap/Terminfo String (XTGETTCAP), xterm. The
string following the "q" is a list of names encoded in
hexadecimal (2 digits per character) separated by ; which
correspond to termcap or terminfo key names.
A few special features are also recognized, which are not key
names:
o Co for termcap colors (or colors for terminfo colors), and
o TN for termcap name (or name for terminfo name).
o RGB for the ncurses direct-color extension.
Only a terminfo name is provided, since termcap
applications cannot use this information.
xterm responds with
DCS 1 + r Pt ST for valid requests, adding to Pt an = , and
the value of the corresponding string that xterm would send,
or
DCS 0 + r ST for invalid requests.
The strings are encoded in hexadecimal (2 digits per
character). If more than one name is given, xterm replies
with each name/value pair in the same response. An invalid
name (one not found in xterm's tables) ends processing of the
list of names.
Functions using CSI , ordered by the final character(s)
CSI Ps @ Insert Ps (Blank) Character(s) (default = 1) (ICH).
CSI Ps SP @
Shift left Ps columns(s) (default = 1) (SL), ECMA-48.
CSI Ps A Cursor Up Ps Times (default = 1) (CUU).
CSI Ps SP A
Shift right Ps columns(s) (default = 1) (SR), ECMA-48.
CSI Ps B Cursor Down Ps Times (default = 1) (CUD).
CSI Ps C Cursor Forward Ps Times (default = 1) (CUF).
CSI Ps D Cursor Backward Ps Times (default = 1) (CUB).
CSI Ps E Cursor Next Line Ps Times (default = 1) (CNL).
CSI Ps F Cursor Preceding Line Ps Times (default = 1) (CPL).
CSI Ps G Cursor Character Absolute [column] (default = [row,1]) (CHA).
CSI Ps ; Ps H
Cursor Position [row;column] (default = [1,1]) (CUP).
CSI Ps I Cursor Forward Tabulation Ps tab stops (default = 1) (CHT).
CSI Ps J Erase in Display (ED), VT100.
Ps = 0 -> Erase Below (default).
Ps = 1 -> Erase Above.
Ps = 2 -> Erase All.
Ps = 3 -> Erase Saved Lines, xterm.
CSI ? Ps J
Erase in Display (DECSED), VT220.
Ps = 0 -> Selective Erase Below (default).
Ps = 1 -> Selective Erase Above.
Ps = 2 -> Selective Erase All.
Ps = 3 -> Selective Erase Saved Lines, xterm.
CSI Ps K Erase in Line (EL), VT100.
Ps = 0 -> Erase to Right (default).
Ps = 1 -> Erase to Left.
Ps = 2 -> Erase All.
CSI ? Ps K
Erase in Line (DECSEL), VT220.
Ps = 0 -> Selective Erase to Right (default).
Ps = 1 -> Selective Erase to Left.
Ps = 2 -> Selective Erase All.
CSI Ps L Insert Ps Line(s) (default = 1) (IL).
CSI Ps M Delete Ps Line(s) (default = 1) (DL).
CSI Ps P Delete Ps Character(s) (default = 1) (DCH).
CSI # P
CSI Pm # P
Push current dynamic- and ANSI-palette colors onto stack
(XTPUSHCOLORS), xterm. Parameters (integers in the range 1
through 10, since the default 0 will push) may be used to
store the palette into the stack without pushing.
CSI # Q
CSI Pm # Q
Pop stack to set dynamic- and ANSI-palette colors
(XTPOPCOLORS), xterm. Parameters (integers in the range 1
through 10, since the default 0 will pop) may be used to
restore the palette from the stack without popping.
CSI # R Report the current entry on the palette stack, and the number
of palettes stored on the stack, using the same form as
XTPOPCOLOR (default = 0) (XTREPORTCOLORS), xterm.
CSI Ps S Scroll up Ps lines (default = 1) (SU), VT420, ECMA-48.
CSI # S Report position on title-stack (XTTITLEPOS), xterm.
Response is the same format, with parameters:
CSI Pn; Pm # S
where
Pn is the current index into the title stack
Pm is the maximum index for the title stack
CSI ? Pi ; Pa ; Pv S
Set or request graphics attribute (XTSMGRAPHICS), xterm. If
configured to support either Sixel Graphics or ReGIS Graphics,
xterm accepts a three-parameter control sequence, where Pi, Pa
and Pv are the item, action and value:
Pi = 1 -> item is number of color registers.
Pi = 2 -> item is Sixel graphics geometry (in pixels).
Pi = 3 -> item is ReGIS graphics geometry (in pixels).
Pa = 1 -> read attribute.
Pa = 2 -> reset to default.
Pa = 3 -> set to value in Pv.
Pa = 4 -> read the maximum allowed value.
Pv is ignored by xterm except when setting (Pa == 3 ).
Pv = n <- A single integer is used for color registers.
Pv = width ; height <- Two integers for graphics geometry.
xterm replies with a control sequence of the same form:
CSI ? Pi ; Ps ; Pv S
where Ps is the status:
Ps = 0 <- success.
Ps = 1 <- error in Pi.
Ps = 2 <- error in Pa.
Ps = 3 <- failure.
On success, Pv represents the value read or set.
Notes:
o The current implementation allows reading the graphics
sizes, but disallows modifying those sizes because that is
done once, using resource-values.
o Graphics geometry is not necessarily the same as "window
size" (see the XTWINOPS window manipulation extensions).
XTerm limits the maximum graphics geometry according to
the maxGraphicSize resource.
The maxGraphicSize resource can be either an explicit
heightxwidth (default: 1000x1000 as of version 328) or the
word "auto" (telling XTerm to use limits the decGraphicsID
or decTerminalID resource to determine the limits).
o XTerm uses the minimum of the window size and the graphic
size to obtain the maximum geometry.
o While resizing a window will always change the current
graphics geometry, the reverse is not true. Setting
graphics geometry does not affect the window size.
o If xterm is able to support graphics (compile-time), but
is not configured (runtime) for graphics, these responses
will indicate a failure. Other implementations which do
not use the maximum graphics dimensions but are configured
for graphics should report zeroes for the maximum geometry
rather than a failure.
CSI Ps T Scroll down Ps lines (default = 1) (SD), VT420.
CSI Ps ; Ps ; Ps ; Ps ; Ps T
Initiate highlight mouse tracking (XTHIMOUSE), xterm.
Parameters are [func;startx;starty;firstrow;lastrow]. See the
section Mouse Tracking.
CSI > Pm T
Reset title mode features to default value (XTRMTITLE), xterm.
Normally, "reset" disables the feature. It is possible to
disable the ability to reset features by compiling a different
default for the title modes into xterm.
If no parameters are given, all title mode features are reset
to the initial (compiled-in) default.
Ps = 0 -> Do not set window/icon labels using hexadecimal.
Ps = 1 -> Do not query window/icon labels using
hexadecimal.
Ps = 2 -> Do not set window/icon labels using UTF-8.
Ps = 3 -> Do not query window/icon labels using UTF-8.
(See discussion of Title Modes).
CSI ? 5 W Reset tab stops to start with column 9, every 8 columns
(DECST8C), VT510.
CSI Ps X Erase Ps Character(s) (default = 1) (ECH).
CSI Ps Z Cursor Backward Tabulation Ps tab stops (default = 1) (CBT).
CSI Ps ^ Scroll down Ps lines (default = 1) (SD), ECMA-48.
This was a publication error in the original ECMA-48 5th
edition (1991) corrected in 2003.
CSI Ps ` Character Position Absolute [column] (default = [row,1])
(HPA).
CSI Ps a Character Position Relative [columns] (default = [row,col+1])
(HPR).
CSI Ps b Repeat the preceding graphic character Ps times (REP).
CSI Ps c Send Device Attributes (Primary DA).
Ps = 0 or omitted -> request attributes from terminal. The
response depends on the decTerminalID resource setting.
-> CSI ? 1 ; 2 c ("VT100 with Advanced Video Option")
-> CSI ? 1 ; 0 c ("VT101 with No Options")
-> CSI ? 4 ; 6 c ("VT132 with Advanced Video and Graphics")
-> CSI ? 6 c ("VT102")
-> CSI ? 7 c ("VT131")
-> CSI ? 1 2 ; Ps c ("VT125")
-> CSI ? 6 2 ; Ps c ("VT220")
-> CSI ? 6 3 ; Ps c ("VT320")
-> CSI ? 6 4 ; Ps c ("VT420")
-> CSI ? 6 5 ; Ps c ("VT510" to ("VT525")
The VT100-style response parameters do not mean anything by
themselves. VT220 (and higher) parameters do, telling the
host what features the terminal supports:
Ps = 1 -> 132-columns.
Ps = 2 -> Printer.
Ps = 3 -> ReGIS graphics.
Ps = 4 -> Sixel graphics.
Ps = 6 -> Selective erase.
Ps = 8 -> User-defined keys.
Ps = 9 -> National Replacement Character sets.
Ps = 1 5 -> Technical characters.
Ps = 1 6 -> Locator port.
Ps = 1 7 -> Terminal state interrogation.
Ps = 1 8 -> User windows.
Ps = 2 1 -> Horizontal scrolling.
Ps = 2 2 -> ANSI color, e.g., VT525.
Ps = 2 8 -> Rectangular editing.
Ps = 2 9 -> ANSI text locator (i.e., DEC Locator mode).
XTerm supports part of the User windows feature, providing a
single page (which corresponds to its visible window). Rather
than resizing the font to change the number of lines/columns
in a fixed-size display, xterm uses the window extension
controls (DECSNLS, DECSCPP, DECSLPP) to adjust its visible
window's size. The "cursor coupling" controls (DECHCCM,
DECPCCM, DECVCCM) are ignored.
CSI = Ps c
Send Device Attributes (Tertiary DA).
Ps = 0 -> report Terminal Unit ID (default), VT400. XTerm
uses zeros for the site code and serial number in its DECRPTUI
response.
CSI > Ps c
Send Device Attributes (Secondary DA).
Ps = 0 or omitted -> request the terminal's identification
code. The response depends on the decTerminalID resource
setting. It should apply only to VT220 and up, but xterm
extends this to VT100.
-> CSI > Pp ; Pv ; Pc c
where Pp denotes the terminal type
Pp = 0 -> "VT100".
Pp = 1 -> "VT220".
Pp = 2 -> "VT240" or "VT241".
Pp = 1 8 -> "VT330".
Pp = 1 9 -> "VT340".
Pp = 2 4 -> "VT320".
Pp = 3 2 -> "VT382".
Pp = 4 1 -> "VT420".
Pp = 6 1 -> "VT510".
Pp = 6 4 -> "VT520".
Pp = 6 5 -> "VT525".
and Pv is the firmware version (for xterm, this was originally
the XFree86 patch number, starting with 95). In a DEC
terminal, Pc indicates the ROM cartridge registration number
and is always zero.
CSI Ps d Line Position Absolute [row] (default = [1,column]) (VPA).
CSI Ps e Line Position Relative [rows] (default = [row+1,column])
(VPR).
CSI Ps ; Ps f
Horizontal and Vertical Position [row;column] (default =
[1,1]) (HVP).
CSI Ps g Tab Clear (TBC). ECMA-48 defines additional codes, but the
VT100 user manual notes that it ignores other codes. DEC's
later terminals (and xterm) do the same, for compatibility.
Ps = 0 -> Clear Current Column (default).
Ps = 3 -> Clear All.
CSI Pm h Set Mode (SM).
Ps = 2 -> Keyboard Action Mode (KAM).
Ps = 4 -> Insert Mode (IRM).
Ps = 1 2 -> Send/receive (SRM).
Ps = 2 0 -> Automatic Newline (LNM).
CSI ? Pm h
DEC Private Mode Set (DECSET).
Ps = 1 -> Application Cursor Keys (DECCKM), VT100.
Ps = 2 -> Designate USASCII for character sets G0-G3
(DECANM), VT100, and set VT100 mode.
Ps = 3 -> 132 Column Mode (DECCOLM), VT100.
Ps = 4 -> Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM), VT100.
Ps = 5 -> Reverse Video (DECSCNM), VT100.
Ps = 6 -> Origin Mode (DECOM), VT100.
Ps = 7 -> Auto-Wrap Mode (DECAWM), VT100.
Ps = 8 -> Auto-Repeat Keys (DECARM), VT100.
Ps = 9 -> Send Mouse X & Y on button press. See the
section Mouse Tracking. This is the X10 xterm mouse protocol.
Ps = 1 0 -> Show toolbar (rxvt).
Ps = 1 2 -> Start blinking cursor (AT&T 610).
Ps = 1 3 -> Start blinking cursor (set only via resource or
menu).
Ps = 1 4 -> Enable XOR of blinking cursor control sequence
and menu.
Ps = 1 8 -> Print Form Feed (DECPFF), VT220.
Ps = 1 9 -> Set print extent to full screen (DECPEX),
VT220.
Ps = 2 5 -> Show cursor (DECTCEM), VT220.
Ps = 3 0 -> Show scrollbar (rxvt).
Ps = 3 5 -> Enable font-shifting functions (rxvt).
Ps = 3 8 -> Enter Tektronix mode (DECTEK), VT240, xterm.
Ps = 4 0 -> Allow 80 -> 132 mode, xterm.
Ps = 4 1 -> more(1) fix (see curses resource).
Ps = 4 2 -> Enable National Replacement Character sets
(DECNRCM), VT220.
Ps = 4 3 -> Enable Graphic Expanded Print Mode (DECGEPM),
VT340.
Ps = 4 4 -> Turn on margin bell, xterm.
Ps = 4 4 -> Enable Graphic Print Color Mode (DECGPCM),
VT340.
Ps = 4 5 -> Reverse-wraparound mode (XTREVWRAP), xterm.
Ps = 4 5 -> Enable Graphic Print Color Syntax (DECGPCS),
VT340.
Ps = 4 6 -> Start logging (XTLOGGING), xterm. This is
normally disabled by a compile-time option.
Ps = 4 6 -> Graphic Print Background Mode, VT340.
Ps = 4 7 -> Use Alternate Screen Buffer, xterm. This may
be disabled by the titeInhibit resource.
Ps = 4 7 -> Enable Graphic Rotated Print Mode (DECGRPM),
VT340.
Ps = 6 6 -> Application keypad mode (DECNKM), VT320.
Ps = 6 7 -> Backarrow key sends backspace (DECBKM), VT340,
VT420. This sets the backarrowKey resource to "true".
Ps = 6 9 -> Enable left and right margin mode (DECLRMM),
VT420 and up.
Ps = 8 0 -> Enable Sixel Display Mode (DECSDM), VT330,
VT340, VT382.
Ps = 9 5 -> Do not clear screen when DECCOLM is set/reset
(DECNCSM), VT510 and up.
Ps = 1 0 0 0 -> Send Mouse X & Y on button press and
release. See the section Mouse Tracking. This is the X11
xterm mouse protocol.
Ps = 1 0 0 1 -> Use Hilite Mouse Tracking, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 0 2 -> Use Cell Motion Mouse Tracking, xterm. See
the section Button-event tracking.
Ps = 1 0 0 3 -> Use All Motion Mouse Tracking, xterm. See
the section Any-event tracking.
Ps = 1 0 0 4 -> Send FocusIn/FocusOut events, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 0 5 -> Enable UTF-8 Mouse Mode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 0 6 -> Enable SGR Mouse Mode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 0 7 -> Enable Alternate Scroll Mode, xterm. This
corresponds to the alternateScroll resource.
Ps = 1 0 1 0 -> Scroll to bottom on tty output (rxvt).
This sets the scrollTtyOutput resource to "true".
Ps = 1 0 1 1 -> Scroll to bottom on key press (rxvt). This
sets the scrollKey resource to "true".
Ps = 1 0 1 4 -> Enable fastScroll resource, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 1 5 -> Enable urxvt Mouse Mode.
Ps = 1 0 1 6 -> Enable SGR Mouse PixelMode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 3 4 -> Interpret "meta" key, xterm. This sets the
eighth bit of keyboard input (and enables the eightBitInput
resource).
Ps = 1 0 3 5 -> Enable special modifiers for Alt and
NumLock keys, xterm. This enables the numLock resource.
Ps = 1 0 3 6 -> Send ESC when Meta modifies a key, xterm.
This enables the metaSendsEscape resource.
Ps = 1 0 3 7 -> Send DEL from the editing-keypad Delete
key, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 3 9 -> Send ESC when Alt modifies a key, xterm.
This enables the altSendsEscape resource, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 4 0 -> Keep selection even if not highlighted,
xterm. This enables the keepSelection resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 1 -> Use the CLIPBOARD selection, xterm. This
enables the selectToClipboard resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 2 -> Enable Urgency window manager hint when
Control-G is received, xterm. This enables the bellIsUrgent
resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 3 -> Enable raising of the window when Control-G
is received, xterm. This enables the popOnBell resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 4 -> Reuse the most recent data copied to
CLIPBOARD, xterm. This enables the keepClipboard resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 5 -> Extended Reverse-wraparound mode
(XTREVWRAP2), xterm.
Ps = 1 0 4 6 -> Enable switching to/from Alternate Screen
Buffer, xterm. This works for terminfo-based systems,
updating the titeInhibit resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 7 -> Use Alternate Screen Buffer, xterm. This
may be disabled by the titeInhibit resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 8 -> Save cursor as in DECSC, xterm. This may
be disabled by the titeInhibit resource.
Ps = 1 0 4 9 -> Save cursor as in DECSC, xterm. After
saving the cursor, switch to the Alternate Screen Buffer,
clearing it first. This may be disabled by the titeInhibit
resource. This control combines the effects of the 1 0 4 7
and 1 0 4 8 modes. Use this with terminfo-based applications
rather than the 4 7 mode.
Ps = 1 0 5 0 -> Set terminfo/termcap function-key mode,
xterm.
Ps = 1 0 5 1 -> Set Sun function-key mode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 5 2 -> Set HP function-key mode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 5 3 -> Set SCO function-key mode, xterm.
Ps = 1 0 6 0 -> Set legacy keyboard emulation, i.e, X11R6,
xterm.
Ps = 1 0 6 1 -> Set VT220 keyboard emulation, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 1 -> Enable readline mouse button-1, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 2 -> Enable readline mouse button-2, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 3 -> Enable readline mouse button-3, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 4 -> Set bracketed paste mode, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 5 -> Enable readline character-quoting, xterm.
Ps = 2 0 0 6 -> Enable readline newline pasting, xterm.
CSI Ps i Media Copy (MC).
Ps = 0 -> Print screen (default).
Ps = 4 -> Turn off printer controller mode.
Ps = 5 -> Turn on printer controller mode.
Ps = 1 0 -> HTML screen dump, xterm.
Ps = 1 1 -> SVG screen dump, xterm.
CSI ? Ps i
Media Copy (MC), DEC-specific.
Ps = 1 -> Print line containing cursor.
Ps = 4 -> Turn off autoprint mode.
Ps = 5 -> Turn on autoprint mode.
Ps = 1 0 -> Print composed display, ignores DECPEX.
Ps = 1 1 -> Print all pages.
CSI Pm l Reset Mode (RM).
Ps = 2 -> Keyboard Action Mode (KAM).
Ps = 4 -> Replace Mode (IRM).
Ps = 1 2 -> Send/receive (SRM).
Ps = 2 0 -> Normal Linefeed (LNM).
CSI ? Pm l
DEC Private Mode Reset (DECRST).
Ps = 1 -> Normal Cursor Keys (DECCKM), VT100.
Ps = 2 -> Designate VT52 mode (DECANM), VT100.
Ps = 3 -> 80 Column Mode (DECCOLM), VT100.
Ps = 4 -> Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM), VT100.